96 lines
3.1 KiB
C
96 lines
3.1 KiB
C
/**
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* File : n_queens.c
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* Created Time: 2023-09-25
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* Author : lucas (superrat6@gmail.com)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.h"
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#define MAX_SIZE 100
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/* Backtracking algorithm: n queens */
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void backtrack(int row, int n, char state[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], char ***res, int *resSize, bool cols[MAX_SIZE],
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bool diags1[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1], bool diags2[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1]) {
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// When all rows are placed, record the solution
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if (row == n) {
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res[*resSize] = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * n);
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for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
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res[*resSize][i] = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * (n + 1));
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strcpy(res[*resSize][i], state[i]);
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}
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(*resSize)++;
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return;
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}
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// Traverse all columns
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for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
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// Calculate the main and minor diagonals corresponding to the cell
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int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
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int diag2 = row + col;
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// Pruning: do not allow queens on the column, main diagonal, or minor diagonal of the cell
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if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
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// Attempt: place the queen in the cell
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state[row][col] = 'Q';
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cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
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// Place the next row
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backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, resSize, cols, diags1, diags2);
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// Retract: restore the cell to an empty spot
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state[row][col] = '#';
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cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
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}
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}
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}
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/* Solve n queens */
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char ***nQueens(int n, int *returnSize) {
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char state[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE];
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// Initialize an n*n size chessboard, where 'Q' represents the queen and '#' represents an empty spot
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for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
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for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
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state[i][j] = '#';
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}
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state[i][n] = '\0';
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}
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bool cols[MAX_SIZE] = {false}; // Record columns with queens
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bool diags1[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // Record main diagonals with queens
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bool diags2[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // Record minor diagonals with queens
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char ***res = (char ***)malloc(sizeof(char **) * MAX_SIZE);
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*returnSize = 0;
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backtrack(0, n, state, res, returnSize, cols, diags1, diags2);
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return res;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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int n = 4;
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int returnSize;
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char ***res = nQueens(n, &returnSize);
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printf("Input chessboard dimensions as %d\n", n);
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printf("Total of %d queen placement solutions\n", returnSize);
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for (int i = 0; i < returnSize; ++i) {
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for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
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printf("[");
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for (int k = 0; res[i][j][k] != '\0'; ++k) {
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printf("%c", res[i][j][k]);
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if (res[i][j][k + 1] != '\0') {
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printf(", ");
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}
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}
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printf("]\n");
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}
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printf("---------------------\n");
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}
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// Free memory
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for (int i = 0; i < returnSize; ++i) {
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for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
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free(res[i][j]);
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}
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free(res[i]);
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}
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free(res);
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return 0;
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}
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