diff --git a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.md b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.md
index cf69fcd00..a524d6838 100755
--- a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.md
+++ b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.md
@@ -1328,6 +1328,8 @@ comments: true
         int extendRatio; // 列表每次扩容的倍数
     };
 
+    typedef struct myList myList;
+
     /* 构造函数 */
     myList *newMyList() {
         myList *list = malloc(sizeof(myList));
diff --git a/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm.md b/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm.md
index 33ca3d339..62f0cf6bb 100644
--- a/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm.md
+++ b/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm.md
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Java"
 
-    ```java title="preorder_find_nodes.java"
-    /* 前序遍历 */
+    ```java title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.java"
+    /* 前序遍历：例题一 */
     void preOrder(TreeNode root) {
         if (root == null) {
             return;
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ comments: true
 
 === "C++"
 
-    ```cpp title="preorder_find_nodes.cpp"
-    /* 前序遍历 */
+    ```cpp title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.cpp"
+    /* 前序遍历：例题一 */
     void preOrder(TreeNode *root) {
         if (root == nullptr) {
             return;
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Python"
 
-    ```python title="preorder_find_nodes.py"
+    ```python title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.py"
     def pre_order(root: TreeNode) -> None:
-        """前序遍历"""
+        """前序遍历：例题一"""
         if root is None:
             return
         if root.val == 7:
@@ -62,32 +62,32 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Go"
 
-    ```go title="preorder_find_nodes.go"
+    ```go title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.go"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "JavaScript"
 
-    ```javascript title="preorder_find_nodes.js"
+    ```javascript title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.js"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "TypeScript"
 
-    ```typescript title="preorder_find_nodes.ts"
+    ```typescript title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.ts"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "C"
 
-    ```c title="preorder_find_nodes.c"
+    ```c title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.c"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "C#"
 
-    ```csharp title="preorder_find_nodes.cs"
-    /* 前序遍历 */
+    ```csharp title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.cs"
+    /* 前序遍历：例题一 */
     void preOrder(TreeNode root)
     {
         if (root == null)
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Swift"
 
-    ```swift title="preorder_find_nodes.swift"
+    ```swift title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.swift"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "Zig"
 
-    ```zig title="preorder_find_nodes.zig"
+    ```zig title="preorder_traversal_i_compact.zig"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Java"
 
-    ```java title="preorder_find_paths.java"
-    /* 前序遍历 */
+    ```java title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.java"
+    /* 前序遍历：例题二 */
     void preOrder(TreeNode root) {
         if (root == null) {
             return;
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ comments: true
 
 === "C++"
 
-    ```cpp title="preorder_find_paths.cpp"
-    /* 前序遍历 */
+    ```cpp title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cpp"
+    /* 前序遍历：例题二 */
     void preOrder(TreeNode *root) {
         if (root == nullptr) {
             return;
@@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Python"
 
-    ```python title="preorder_find_paths.py"
+    ```python title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py"
     def pre_order(root: TreeNode) -> None:
-        """前序遍历"""
+        """前序遍历：例题二"""
         if root is None:
             return
         # 尝试
@@ -194,32 +194,32 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Go"
 
-    ```go title="preorder_find_paths.go"
+    ```go title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.go"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "JavaScript"
 
-    ```javascript title="preorder_find_paths.js"
+    ```javascript title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.js"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "TypeScript"
 
-    ```typescript title="preorder_find_paths.ts"
+    ```typescript title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.ts"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "C"
 
-    ```c title="preorder_find_paths.c"
+    ```c title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.c"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "C#"
 
-    ```csharp title="preorder_find_paths.cs"
-    /* 前序遍历 */
+    ```csharp title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cs"
+    /* 前序遍历：例题二 */
     void preOrder(TreeNode root)
     {
         if (root == null)
@@ -242,13 +242,13 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Swift"
 
-    ```swift title="preorder_find_paths.swift"
+    ```swift title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.swift"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "Zig"
 
-    ```zig title="preorder_find_paths.zig"
+    ```zig title="preorder_traversal_ii_compact.zig"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Java"
 
-    ```java title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.java"
-    /* 前序遍历 */
+    ```java title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.java"
+    /* 前序遍历：例题三 */
     void preOrder(TreeNode root) {
         // 剪枝
         if (root == null || root.val == 3) {
@@ -319,8 +319,8 @@ comments: true
 
 === "C++"
 
-    ```cpp title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.cpp"
-    /* 前序遍历 */
+    ```cpp title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cpp"
+    /* 前序遍历：例题三 */
     void preOrder(TreeNode *root) {
         // 剪枝
         if (root == nullptr || root->val == 3) {
@@ -341,9 +341,9 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Python"
 
-    ```python title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.py"
+    ```python title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py"
     def pre_order(root: TreeNode) -> None:
-        """前序遍历"""
+        """前序遍历：例题三"""
         # 剪枝
         if root is None or root.val == 3:
             return
@@ -360,32 +360,32 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Go"
 
-    ```go title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.go"
+    ```go title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.go"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "JavaScript"
 
-    ```javascript title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.js"
+    ```javascript title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.js"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "TypeScript"
 
-    ```typescript title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.ts"
+    ```typescript title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.ts"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "C"
 
-    ```c title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.c"
+    ```c title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.c"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "C#"
 
-    ```csharp title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.cs"
-    /* 前序遍历 */
+    ```csharp title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cs"
+    /* 前序遍历：例题三 */
     void preOrder(TreeNode root)
     {
         // 剪枝
@@ -409,13 +409,13 @@ comments: true
 
 === "Swift"
 
-    ```swift title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.swift"
+    ```swift title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.swift"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
 === "Zig"
 
-    ```zig title="preorder_find_constrained_paths.zig"
+    ```zig title="preorder_traversal_iii_compact.zig"
     [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}
     ```
 
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "Java"
 
-    ```java title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.java"
+    ```java title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.java"
     /* 判断当前状态是否为解 */
     boolean isSolution(List<TreeNode> state) {
         return !state.isEmpty() && state.get(state.size() - 1).val == 7;
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
         state.remove(state.size() - 1);
     }
 
-    /* 回溯算法 */
+    /* 回溯算法：例题三 */
     void backtrack(List<TreeNode> state, List<TreeNode> choices, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {
         // 检查是否为解
         if (isSolution(state)) {
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "C++"
 
-    ```cpp title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.cpp"
+    ```cpp title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.cpp"
     /* 判断当前状态是否为解 */
     bool isSolution(vector<TreeNode *> &state) {
         return !state.empty() && state.back()->val == 7;
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
         state.pop_back();
     }
 
-    /* 回溯算法 */
+    /* 回溯算法：例题三 */
     void backtrack(vector<TreeNode *> &state, vector<TreeNode *> &choices, vector<vector<TreeNode *>> &res) {
         // 检查是否为解
         if (isSolution(state)) {
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "Python"
 
-    ```python title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.py"
+    ```python title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.py"
     def is_solution(state: list[TreeNode]) -> bool:
         """判断当前状态是否为解"""
         return state and state[-1].val == 7
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
         state.pop()
 
     def backtrack(state: list[TreeNode], choices: list[TreeNode], res: list[list[TreeNode]]):
-        """回溯算法"""
+        """回溯算法：例题三"""
         # 检查是否为解
         if is_solution(state):
             # 记录解
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "Go"
 
-    ```go title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.go"
+    ```go title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.go"
     [class]{}-[func]{isSolution}
 
     [class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "JavaScript"
 
-    ```javascript title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.js"
+    ```javascript title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.js"
     [class]{}-[func]{isSolution}
 
     [class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "TypeScript"
 
-    ```typescript title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.ts"
+    ```typescript title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.ts"
     [class]{}-[func]{isSolution}
 
     [class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "C"
 
-    ```c title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.c"
+    ```c title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.c"
     [class]{}-[func]{isSolution}
 
     [class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "C#"
 
-    ```csharp title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.cs"
+    ```csharp title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.cs"
     /* 判断当前状态是否为解 */
     bool isSolution(List<TreeNode> state)
     {
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
         state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);
     }
 
-    /* 回溯算法 */
+    /* 回溯算法：例题三 */
     void backtrack(List<TreeNode> state, List<TreeNode> choices, List<List<TreeNode>> res)
     {
         // 检查是否为解
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "Swift"
 
-    ```swift title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.swift"
+    ```swift title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.swift"
     [class]{}-[func]{isSolution}
 
     [class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ def backtrack(state, choices, res):
 
 === "Zig"
 
-    ```zig title="backtrack_find_constrained_paths.zig"
+    ```zig title="preorder_traversal_iii_template.zig"
     [class]{}-[func]{isSolution}
 
     [class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}
diff --git a/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.md b/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.md
index 3dd7b5f0f..527b828fa 100755
--- a/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.md
+++ b/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.md
@@ -956,6 +956,8 @@ $$
         UT_hash_handle hh; // 基于 uthash.h 实现
     };
 
+    typedef struct hashTable hashTable;
+
     /* 线性阶 */
     void linear(int n) {
         // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间
@@ -1006,7 +1008,7 @@ $$
             nodes.Add(new ListNode(i));
         }
         // 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间
-        Dictionary<int, String> map = new();
+        Dictionary<int, string> map = new();
         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
         {
             map.Add(i, i.ToString());
diff --git a/chapter_graph/graph_operations.md b/chapter_graph/graph_operations.md
index 8f3135332..38bd19567 100644
--- a/chapter_graph/graph_operations.md
+++ b/chapter_graph/graph_operations.md
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ comments: true
             Console.Write("顶点列表 = ");
             PrintUtil.PrintList(vertices);
             Console.WriteLine("邻接矩阵 =");
-            PrintUtil.printMatrix(adjMat);
+            PrintUtil.PrintMatrix(adjMat);
         }
     }
     ```
@@ -1382,8 +1382,8 @@ comments: true
             {
                 List<int> tmp = new List<int>();
                 foreach (Vertex vertex in entry.Value)
-                    tmp.Add(vertex.Val);
-                Console.WriteLine(entry.Key.Val + ": [" + string.Join(", ", tmp) + "],");
+                    tmp.Add(vertex.val);
+                Console.WriteLine(entry.Key.val + ": [" + string.Join(", ", tmp) + "],");
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/chapter_hashing/hash_map.md b/chapter_hashing/hash_map.md
index 8b86ecef3..c660a3caa 100755
--- a/chapter_hashing/hash_map.md
+++ b/chapter_hashing/hash_map.md
@@ -970,12 +970,12 @@ $$
 === "C#"
 
     ```csharp title="array_hash_map.cs"
-    /* 键值对 int->String */
+    /* 键值对 int->string */
     class Entry
     {
         public int key;
-        public String val;
-        public Entry(int key, String val)
+        public string val;
+        public Entry(int key, string val)
         {
             this.key = key;
             this.val = val;
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ $$
         }
 
         /* 查询操作 */
-        public String? get(int key)
+        public string? get(int key)
         {
             int index = hashFunc(key);
             Entry? pair = buckets[index];
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ $$
         }
 
         /* 添加操作 */
-        public void put(int key, String val)
+        public void put(int key, string val)
         {
             Entry pair = new Entry(key, val);
             int index = hashFunc(key);
@@ -1053,9 +1053,9 @@ $$
         }
 
         /* 获取所有值 */
-        public List<String> valueSet()
+        public List<string> valueSet()
         {
-            List<String> valueSet = new();
+            List<string> valueSet = new();
             foreach (Entry? pair in buckets)
             {
                 if (pair != null)
diff --git a/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing.md b/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing.md
index d4f86c177..d267109c8 100755
--- a/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing.md
+++ b/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing.md
@@ -329,6 +329,8 @@ comments: true
         UT_hash_handle hh; // 基于 uthash.h 实现
     };
 
+    typedef struct hashTable hashTable;
+
     /* 哈希表查询 */
     hashTable *find(hashTable *h, int key) {
         hashTable *tmp;
diff --git a/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.md b/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.md
index ece236f7b..1af8d9348 100644
--- a/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.md
+++ b/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.md
@@ -1043,6 +1043,8 @@ comments: true
         struct doublyListNode *prev; // 前驱节点
     };
 
+    typedef struct doublyListNode doublyListNode;
+
     /* 构造函数 */
     doublyListNode *newDoublyListNode(int num) {
         doublyListNode *new = (doublyListNode *)malloc(sizeof(doublyListNode));
@@ -1063,6 +1065,8 @@ comments: true
         int queSize;                  // 双向队列的长度
     };
 
+    typedef struct linkedListDeque linkedListDeque;
+
     /* 构造j */
     linkedListDeque *newLinkedListDeque() {
         linkedListDeque *deque = (linkedListDeque *)malloc(sizeof(linkedListDeque));
@@ -2166,6 +2170,8 @@ comments: true
         int queCapacity; // 队列容量
     };
 
+    typedef struct arrayDeque arrayDeque;
+
     /* 构造函数 */
     arrayDeque *newArrayDeque(int capacity) {
         arrayDeque *deque = (arrayDeque *)malloc(sizeof(arrayDeque));
diff --git a/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.md b/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.md
index c6d47f664..84b76b72f 100755
--- a/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.md
+++ b/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.md
@@ -685,6 +685,8 @@ comments: true
         int queSize;
     };
 
+    typedef struct linkedListQueue linkedListQueue;
+
     /* 构造函数 */
     linkedListQueue *newLinkedListQueue() {
         linkedListQueue *queue = (linkedListQueue *)malloc(sizeof(linkedListQueue));
@@ -1459,6 +1461,8 @@ comments: true
         int queCapacity; // 队列容量
     };
 
+    typedef struct arrayQueue arrayQueue;
+
     /* 构造函数 */
     arrayQueue *newArrayQueue(int capacity) {
         arrayQueue *queue = (arrayQueue *)malloc(sizeof(arrayQueue));
diff --git a/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.md b/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.md
index f745e8984..fc042619a 100755
--- a/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.md
+++ b/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.md
@@ -636,6 +636,8 @@ comments: true
         int size;      // 栈的长度
     };
 
+    typedef struct linkedListStack linkedListStack;
+
     /* 构造函数 */
     linkedListStack *newLinkedListStack() {
         linkedListStack *s = malloc(sizeof(linkedListStack));
@@ -1204,6 +1206,8 @@ comments: true
         int size;
     };
 
+    typedef struct arrayStack arrayStack;
+
     /* 构造函数 */
     arrayStack *newArrayStack() {
         arrayStack *s = malloc(sizeof(arrayStack));