diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.py b/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.py
index ae006db49..e51835d41 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-25
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode, print_linked_list
 
 
 def insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode):
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.py b/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.py
index 468f2a08c..b9ad6d352 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     for i in range(len(nums)):
         tmp.append(nums[i])
     print(f"\n通过索引遍历列表得到 tmp = {tmp}")
-    
+
     tmp.clear()
     for num in nums:
         tmp.append(num)
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_i.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_i.py
index d5c29d6c2..6cca91010 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_i.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_i.py
@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
-
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
-
 
 def backtrack(
     state: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_ii.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_ii.py
index fac0b37e1..aaaffc68b 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_ii.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_ii.py
@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
-
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
-
 
 def backtrack(
     state: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_i_compact.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_i_compact.py
index f2d7177e9..48a2f160f 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_i_compact.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_i_compact.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree, list_to_tree
 
 
 def pre_order(root: TreeNode):
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py
index 27bf00bab..9ef1ab6ff 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree, list_to_tree
 
 
 def pre_order(root: TreeNode):
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py
index dac756c79..22c55a8a3 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree, list_to_tree
 
 
 def pre_order(root: TreeNode):
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_template.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_template.py
index ef5466a44..10a88c03a 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_template.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_template.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree, list_to_tree
 
 
 def is_solution(state: list[TreeNode]) -> bool:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.py b/codes/python/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.py
index 6b4cb90b0..3080fd720 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-25
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode, TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 def function() -> int:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.py
index 970f1d4a4..56f43702c 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-07-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 def dfs(
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.py b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.py
index db8e534bc..3d44998d0 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import Vertex, vals_to_vets
 
 
 class GraphAdjList:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.py b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.py
index a91ae21ff..7c6f44fc7 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import Vertex, print_matrix
 
 
 class GraphAdjMat:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.py b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.py
index 24ad250cb..a44a849ba 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import Vertex, vals_to_vets, vets_to_vals
 from collections import deque
 from graph_adjacency_list import GraphAdjList
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.py b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.py
index 3acd74ac1..2d8de8c3b 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import Vertex, vets_to_vals, vals_to_vets
 from graph_adjacency_list import GraphAdjList
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.py b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.py
index bdb0b1e35..5ca5b4f8f 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-06-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode
 
 """Driver Code"""
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map.py b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map.py
index b9f52e3d5..c1b1472c0 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-14
 Author: msk397 (machangxinq@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import print_dict
 
 """Driver Code"""
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.py b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.py
index 1358650bb..964de79e9 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.py
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ Created Time: 2023-06-13
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
 from chapter_hashing.array_hash_map import Pair
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.py b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.py
index 475859038..31d46e3d4 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.py
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ Created Time: 2023-06-13
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
 from chapter_hashing.array_hash_map import Pair
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_heap/heap.py b/codes/python/chapter_heap/heap.py
index 22a3362eb..cf179d8a6 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_heap/heap.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_heap/heap.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import print_heap
 
 import heapq
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_heap/my_heap.py b/codes/python/chapter_heap/my_heap.py
index 32f62b8de..2072a6cdd 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_heap/my_heap.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_heap/my_heap.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import print_heap
 
 
 class MaxHeap:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_heap/top_k.py b/codes/python/chapter_heap/top_k.py
index 5c6cae716..fea1c8791 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_heap/top_k.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_heap/top_k.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-06-10
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import print_heap
 
 import heapq
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.py b/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.py
index 55ae9b8aa..5e4589a42 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.py
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ Created Time: 2023-08-04
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
 from binary_search_insertion import binary_search_insertion
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_searching/hashing_search.py b/codes/python/chapter_searching/hashing_search.py
index cdcb99578..ae5c38b0a 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_searching/hashing_search.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_searching/hashing_search.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-26
 Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode, list_to_linked_list
 
 
 def hashing_search_array(hmap: dict[int, int], target: int) -> int:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_searching/linear_search.py b/codes/python/chapter_searching/linear_search.py
index 2ddb75a45..fb449e7bc 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_searching/linear_search.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_searching/linear_search.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-26
 Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode, list_to_linked_list
 
 
 def linear_search_array(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.py b/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.py
index 6f096133c..42f227c1e 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-01
 Author: Peng Chen (pengchzn@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode
 
 
 class LinkedListQueue:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.py b/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.py
index ceb12c804..51ef7868f 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-29
 Author: Peng Chen (pengchzn@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode
 
 
 class LinkedListStack:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py
index 8b2a465e9..0073a51aa 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-07-19
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, list_to_tree, print_tree
 
 
 class ArrayBinaryTree:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/avl_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/avl_tree.py
index 51932c453..6f477c1ff 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/avl_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/avl_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 class AVLTree:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py
index 20ac6a824..d339bf8f3 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 class BinarySearchTree:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree.py
index 3539432de..a007e419b 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 """Driver Code"""
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.py
index e6c78c94b..d75b1f684 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, list_to_tree, print_tree
 from collections import deque
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.py
index 3bcef854b..9b3488ad0 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, list_to_tree, print_tree
 
 
 def pre_order(root: TreeNode | None):